Nationality Law

An Overview

Turkish Nationality Law governs the principles and procedures for acquiring and losing Turkish citizenship. The framework is primarily outlined in the Turkish Citizenship Law No. 5901, which was adopted on June 12, 2009. This legislation reflects Turkey’s dual objective of ensuring national unity and embracing globalization by allowing certain flexibilities in citizenship policies.

Acquiring Turkish Citizenship

There are several pathways to becoming a Turkish citizen:

1. By Birth
   Turkish citizenship is automatically granted to individuals if:

   • At least one parent is a Turkish citizen, regardless of the place of birth (jus sanguinis principle).
   • The child is born in Turkey and would otherwise be stateless.

2. By Marriage
   Foreigners married to Turkish citizens may apply for citizenship after three years of marriage, provided the marriage is genuine and not solely for the purpose of obtaining citizenship. Applicants must also prove cohabitation and avoid actions that could threaten public order or safety.

3. By Naturalization
   Foreign nationals can apply for Turkish citizenship under certain conditions, including:

   • Five years of continuous legal residence in Turkey.
   • Demonstrating an intent to settle in Turkey (e.g., through property ownership or family ties).
   • Proficiency in the Turkish language.
   • Having a stable income or profession.
   • Posing no threat to national security.

4. Exceptional Circumstances
   Citizenship may be granted in exceptional cases, such as:

   • Significant contributions to Turkey in science, technology, or sports.
   • Economic investments, such as participating in the Turkish Citizenship by Investment Program, which requires purchasing real estate worth at least $400,000 or making other substantial investments.

Dual Citizenship

Turkey permits dual citizenship. Turkish citizens who acquire foreign citizenships are not required to renounce their Turkish nationality. Similarly, foreign nationals can retain their original citizenship after becoming Turkish citizens, provided their country of origin allows dual citizenship.

Loss of Turkish Citizenship

Citizenship can be revoked in certain cases, including:

• Voluntarily acquiring another nationality in a country that requires renunciation of Turkish citizenship.
• Engaging in activities deemed against national security interests.
• Failure to fulfill military service obligations (for men).

Individuals may also voluntarily apply to renounce their Turkish citizenship if they meet specific criteria.

Recent Developments

In recent years, Turkey has updated its citizenship policies to attract foreign investors and skilled professionals. Programs like investment-based citizenship have made Turkey a popular choice for expatriates seeking access to Turkey’s economic opportunities and its unique position as a gateway between Europe and Asia.

Turkish Nationality Law reflects a balance between preserving national identity and adapting to global trends. It offers various paths to citizenship, catering to individuals with familial ties, long-term residents, and those seeking opportunities through investment.